The effect of the 2 martial art conditions on executive function was not different. While all 3 exercise conditions improved attention and processing speed, only the 2 martial art conditions improved the highest order of cognitive performance, executive function. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Stroop Color and Word test. Ten recreational middle-aged martial artists (mean age = 53.5 ± 8.6 years) participated in 3 treatment conditions: a typical martial art class, an atypical martial art class, and a one-hour walk at a self-selected speed. We utilized a repeated measures design with the order of the 3 exercise conditions randomly assigned and counterbalanced. Our study compared the acute effects of 2 types of martial art training to aerobic exercise on cognitive performance in middle-aged adults. However, there is limited research examining the effect that a cognitively complex exercise such as martial art training has on these cognitive processes. Previous research has demonstrated that aerobic and resistance exercise improves cognitive performance immediately following exercise. Cognitive performance includes the processes of attention, memory, processing speed, and executive functioning, which typically declines with aging.
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